Resumen
Contexto: la hiperglucemia en el paciente hospitalizado se encuentra relacionada con el desarrollo de complicaciones y mortalidad intrahospitalaria, en la actualidad su tratamiento se centra en el uso de insulinas. Se desconocen las prácticas de formulación de insulina intrahospitalaria en nuestro entorno.
Objetivo: describir los esquemas de insulinización usados en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) hospitalizados, sin historia de uso de insulina, así como su indicación y formulación al egreso.
Metodología: estudio de corte transversal retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes adultos hospitalizados en dos hospitales universitarios durante el 2018, a los que se les formuló insulina para manejo de la DM2.
Resultados: se incluyeron 383 pacientes, 67 años promedio y donde un 53?% fueron mujeres. Las indicaciones para el comienzo de uso de insulina fueron el estar hospitalizados (73,9?%), las descompensaciones de la diabetes y la HbA1c elevada. Los esquemas empleados de mayor a menor frecuencia fueron: basal 55,6?%, basal/bolo 43,6?% y basal/plus 0,8?%. La insulina de larga acción más utilizada fue glargina en 95,8?% de los casos y la de acción corta fue glulisina en 69,4?% de los casos. 244 pacientes (77,2?%) egresaron con insulinoterapia, de los cuales 46,7?% tenían una hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) < 10?% y 83,2?% egresaron sin hipoglucemiante oral, de ellos el 96?% no presentaban contraindicaciones para su uso y el 34?% tenían la Hb1Ac ? 10?%.
Conclusiones: en diabéticos tipo 2 hospitalizados, la indicación principal para el inicio de insulina fue la propia hospitalización, predominaron los esquemas basal y basal/bolo en similar proporción y se mostró preferencia por el uso de análogos de insulina, en especial la glargina y glulisina. La formulación de insulina al egreso fue alta, con bajo uso de antidiabéticos orales pese a no tener contraindicación.
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Palabras Clave
Terapia con Insulina
Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Hiperglucemia
Hospitalización
Fármacos antidiabéticos
Antidiabéticos orales
Para citar
Sprockel Díaz, J. J. ., Martínez Arias, L. O. ., Pérez Murcia, A. M. ., Abella Díaz, A. L. ., Sarmiento Ângulo, P., Mendieta Roa, D. E. ., & Medina Orjuela, A. (2022). Uso inicial de insulina en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revista Colombiana De Endocrinología, Diabetes &Amp; Metabolismo, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.53853/encr.8.4.714