Prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en mujeres embarazadas y sus recién nacidos en Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en gestantes y sus neonatos en un hospital de Bogotá, Colombia.

Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal a través de la medición de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25(OH)D) en sangre materna y sangre de cordón, empleando técnica de quimioluminiscencia. Se obtuvieron muestras periféricas de sangre neonatal si la muestra de cordón era < 30 ng/mL.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 88 muestras maternas, 90 muestras de cordón (dos gestaciones gemelares) y 43 muestras periféricas neonatales. Según los rangos establecidos en el Consenso Global de la European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D fue de 26%, 34% y 67% en gestantes, cordón umbilical y muestra neonatal periférica, respectivamente.  De acuerdo con la Endocrine Society, la prevalencia encontrada fue de 66%, 83% y 100%, respectivamente. Se evidenció correlación positiva entre niveles maternos de 25(OH) D y niveles de sangre de cordón (Spearman's Rho 0.67, p < 0.001). En las madres con valores de suficiencia un 12.3% de los neonatos bajo criterios ESPE y 56.7% bajo Endocrine society presentaron hipovitaminosis. 

Conclusiones: Se evidencia alta prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D en neonatos y gestantes en la población a estudio. Los niveles de suficiencia maternos no garantizan niveles neonatales adecuados. La estimación de prevalencia varía significativamente según las guías diagnósticas empleadas.

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Vitamina D
Avitaminosis
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Mujeres Embarazadas
calcitriol
factores de riesgo