Proteínas lácteas como fuente dietaria de biopéptidos antidiabéticos: Estudio de la nutracéutica de los lácteos en la diabetes mellitus desde la biología computacional

Antecedentes: El consumo de lácteos se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Si bienlos mecanismos subyacentes no se conocen en su totalidad, estudios recientes sugieren que este papel protector está enrelación con las propiedades biológicas de las proteínas lácteas.

Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad de los lácteos como fuente dietaria de biopéptidos con propiedades antidiabéticas. 

Metodología: Se analizaron las proteínas lácteas de mayor concentración en la leche de cinco especies: bovino, oveja, cabra, búfalo y humano. Estas fueron sometidas a digestión simulada en BIOPEP-UWM y, posteriormente, a un análisis in silico del porcentaje de absorción gastrointestinal, excreción renal, y concentración efectiva media (EC50). 

Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 51 di- y tripéptidos bioactivos inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa-IV (iDPP-IV). Los 13 biopéptidos con mayor perfil deabsorción gastrointestinal fueron aquellos dipéptidos con residuos de leucina y triptófano en la posición C-terminal, siendo estos los aminoácidos más frecuentes en los compuestos iDPP-IV. Asimismo, seis de los trece biopéptidos altamente  absorbibles mostraron ser producto de la digestión de proteínas presentes en la leche de las cinco especies. El análisis del perfil bioactivo reveló 12 blancos moleculares de alta afinidad, de los cuales dos, DPP-IV y calpaína-I, seencuentran involucrados en la fisiopatología de la diabetes.

Conclusiones: Este estudio describe parámetros como la absorción gastrointestinal, excreción renal teórica y EC50 de inhibición de DPP-IV para los biopéptidos con acciónantidiabética, aportando nuevo conocimiento a las propiedades nutracéuticas de los lácteos en la diabetes, y postulando como mecanismo subyacente la liberación de biopéptidos iDPP-IV durante la digestión gastrointestinal.

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Péptidos bioactivos
Productos lácteos
Inhibidores de la dipeptidil-peptidasa IV
Suplementos dietéticos
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2